Computer Architecture deals with the finctional behaviour of acomputer system as viewed by a programmer. It can also be described as the logical structure of the system unit that housed electronic components. The computer architecture was introduced in 1970.
Components of Computer :
A computer consists of following Three Main components
1. Input/Output Unit
3. Memory Unit
Input unit
The Computer accepts coded information through input unit by the user. It is a devise that is used to give required information to the computer.
eg. keyboard, mouse.
Output unit
This unit sends the processed results to the users. It is mainly used to display the desired result to the user as per input instruction .
eg. Moniter , printer , plotter, etc.
Central processing Unit
It Consists a set of registers, arithmetic logic unit and control unit, which together interpret and execute instructions in assembly language.
Arithmetic Logic Unit
ALU contains the electronic circuitry that executes all arithmetic and logical operations on available data. ALU uses registers to hold the data that is being processed.
Control Unit
Control unit with the input and output devices of a computer. It directs the computer to carry out stored program instructions by communicating with the ALU and registers. It organises the processing of data and instructions.
The basic function of control unit is to fetch the instruction stored in the main memory, identify the operations and devices involved in it and accordingly generate control signals.
Memory Unit
This unit is responsible to store programs or data on a temporary or permanent basis. It has primary memory and secondary memory.
The input data which is to be processed in brought into main memory before processing.
Another kind of memory of a computer system. This unit is used to permanently store data, programs, and output. This unit not deal directly with CPU.
Motherboard
The main circuit board contained in any computer is called a motherboard. It also known as the main board or logic board or system board or planar board. All the other electronic devices and circuits of computer system are attached to this board. All the other electronic devices and circuits of computer system are attached to this board like, CPU, ROM, RAM, expansion slots, PCI slots and USB ports.
Instruction Cycle
It represents the sequence of events that takes place as an instruction is read from memory and executed.
Steps:
1. Fetching the instruction from the memory.
2. Decoding the instruction for operation.
3. Executing the instruction.
4. Storing in memory.
Question Bank
Q. .......... forms the backbone for building successful computer system.
Ans : Computer Architecture .
Q. The first computer architecture was introduced in ?
Ans : 1970
Q. Which circuit board is used in all electronic system such as computer , calculators, digital system?
Ans : Architecture
Q. The system unit is :
Ans : The container that houses electronic components
Q. Which of the following is metal or plastic case that holds all the physical parts of the computer?
Ans : System unit
Q. The components that process data are located in which of the following?
Ans : System Unit
Q. Which of is not responsible for the performance of the computer?
Ans : Number of keys in the keyboard
Q. A(an) ............. device is any device that provides information, which is sent to the CPU?
Ans : Input
Q. Information that comes from external source and fed into computer software is called ?
Ans : Input
Q. Input unit converts data in computer in ...........
Ans : Acceptable
Q. This unit sends the processed results to the user.
Ans : Output
Q. This component is required to process data into information and consists of integrated circuits?
Ans : CPU
Q. What is the brain of computer ?
Ans : CPU
Q. CPU is fabricated as a single integrated circuit which is known as
Ans : Microprocessor
Q. The CPU chip used in a computer is partially made of ?
Ans : Silica
Q. The CPU comprises of control, memory and ........... units.
Ans : Arithmetic/logic
Q. Which is the responsibility of the logical unit in the CPU of a computer?
Ans : To compare number
Q. Which unit of computer helps in communication between the memory and the arithmetic logical unit ?
Ans : Cpu
Q. Which part of computer is used for calculating and comparing?
Ans : ALU
Q. What does ALU in computing denote?
Ans : Arithmetic Logic Unit
Q. Processor contain a control unit and a/an :
Ans Arithmetic logic unit
Q. Internal memory in a CPU is nothing but
Ans : A set of registers
Q. Which among the following is a small set of data holding place that is a part of the computer processor and may hold an instruction, a storage address, or any kind of data?
Ans : Register
Q. The portion of the CPU that coordinates the activities of all the other computer components is the........
Ans : Control unit
Q.Which is an important circuit in a computer system that directs the operation of the processor?
Ans : Control unit
Q. Control unit of a digital computer is often called the..........
Ans : Nerve centre
Q. Who invent the first microprocessor?
Ans : Ted Hoff
Q. A microprocessors is made up of millions of .........
Ans : Transistors
Q. The CPU and memory are located in which of the following devices?
Ans : Motherboard
Q. The main circuit board in the computer that connects the parts of the computer is the............
Ans : Motherboard
Q. The communication line between CPU , memory and peripherals is called a...........
Ans : Bus
Q. The read/write line belong to
Ans : The control bus
Q. A device that not only provides surge protection, but also furnishes the computer which battery backup power during a power outage is........
Ans : UPS
21/22
